Christianity
Islam
Judaism
Hinduism
Buddhism
Free Will & Destiny
Are human beings free agents or are their fates predetermined? The tension between divine sovereignty and human responsibility runs through every major tradition. Christianity debates predestination, Islam balances qadar with personal accountability, Hinduism explores karma and fate, and Buddhism affirms intentional action as the engine of liberation.
Across the World's Religions
Christianity
- 수행
- Free will and divine foreknowledge; predestination debates
- Key Text
- Romans 8:29-30; Deuteronomy 30:19; Joshua 24:15
Islam
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- Qadar (divine decree) balanced with human accountability
- Key Text
- Quran 13:11, 76:29-30
Judaism
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- Bechirah (free choice) — 'Everything is foreseen, yet freedom is given'
- Key Text
- Deuteronomy 30:15-20; Pirke Avot 3:15
Hinduism
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- Karma (action), Daiva (fate), and Purushartha (human effort)
- Key Text
- Bhagavad Gita 5:14-15; 18:63
Buddhism
- 수행
- Cetana (intention) as karma; no fatalism (niyativada rejected)
- Key Text
- AN 6.63; MN 136 (Mahakammavibhanga Sutta)